Safe withdrawal rate (educational)
This page turns a nest egg into a yearly and monthly withdrawal: portfolio × SWR.
Annual withdrawal = Portfolio × (SWR ÷ 100)
Monthly = Annual ÷ 12
Simple runway (0% real) = 1 ÷ SWR
$1,000,000 at 4% → $40,000/year ($3,333.33/month). Simple runway at 0% real growth is 25 years. That runway is not the Trinity Study result.
What the 4% rule is (and is not)
William Bengen (1994) and the later Trinity Study (Cooley, Hubbard, and Walz) looked at U.S. historical stock/bond returns and withdrawal rates. NEED-SOURCE: those papers are not stored as PDFs here.
This calculator does not replay those histories. It only multiplies. It does not cover:
- Sequence-of-returns risk
- Taxes, fees, or account type
- Social Security or pensions
- Inflation paths or Monte Carlo
A 4% withdrawal can fail in a bad market path. Treat the number as a teaching example.
Same series
$40,000 ÷ 12 = $3,333.33 (rounded to the cent).
No. 25 years is 1 ÷ 4% with zero real return. Trinity used historical U.S. returns over multi-decade retirements. We do not reproduce that study here.
Yes. Change the label. We do not convert FX.